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本文最初于 2021 年 11 月 16 日 发布于微信公众号 Impactful Research;2026 年 4 月 28 日 同步至本网站。

Originally published on the WeChat official account Impactful Research on 2021-11-16; mirrored to this website on 2026-04-28.

来源:Google图文

又是找工作的季节,我们决定开辟一个新的专题,采访那些过去几年中市场上冉冉升起的新星,听他们分享一篇有影响力的“就业市场论文”背后的故事。

这个系列的第二篇文章,我们邀请到加州大学伯克利分校经济系的助理教授连宸分享他的job market paper的创作历程和对青年学者及博士生的建议。连宸教授2020年毕业于麻省理工大学 (MIT),他的job market paper “ Mistakes in Future Consumption, High MPCs Now ” 非常巧妙地将行为经济学解释引入宏观经济学框架中,为行为偏差如何影响人们的边际消费倾向提供了一个一般化的解释框架,填补了文献的空白。

连宸教授的研究专注于将行为经济学与宏观经济学、金融学的结合。他的另外一篇论文“Forward Guidance without Common Knowledge”发表于American Economic Review,这篇论文放松了对个体关于未来政策新闻及他人反应的共同知识的假设,从而为前瞻性政策的谜团提供了一个解释框架。他最近的一篇论文“Confidence and the Propagation of Demand Shocks”发表于Review of Economic Studies,结合了生产中的跨时间替代与消费与投资中的有限理性,为需求推动的经济周期提供了一个全新的解释。他的其他论文还发表于Quarterly Journal of Economics,Review of Economic Studies,American Economic Review,Review of Financial Studies等国际顶级经济学和金融学的期刊。

以下是连宸教授分享的关于Mistakes in Future Consumption, High MPCs Now 这篇文章的创作历程。

Q: 您是怎样发现这一研究问题的?

Q: How did you identify this research question?

A : There is increasing consensus that behavioral biases play an important role in explaining consumption behavior. For example, recent evidence shows that consumers exhibit high marginal propensities to consume (MPCs) away from the liquidity constraints. It is hard for the canonical liquidity-constraints-based models to explain this evidence and it points toward behavioral explanations.

A : 越来越多的研究认为,行为偏差在解释消费行为中起着重要作用。例如,一些新的证据表明,不受借贷限制的消费者也会展现出较高的边际消费倾向 (Marginal Propensities to Consume,MPCs)。经典的基于借贷限制的理论模型很难解释这些新的发现,这意味着我们需要一些基于行为经济学的解释。

A : But macroeconomists face a challenge in how to systematically incorporate these behavioral biases into the mainstream model. There are many potential behavioral biases in intertemporal consumption problems, such as inattention, present bias, mental accounting, diagnostic expectations, and imperfect problem solving. It is unclear whether there are robust, consistent predictions on how behavioral biases impact MPCs.

A : 但宏观经济学家所面临的一个挑战是,如何将这些行为偏差系统性地纳入主流模型中去。跨期消费问题中存在许多潜在的行为偏差,如注意力不集中(inattention)、当前偏差(present bias)、心理账户(mental accounting)、诊断预期(diagnostic expectations)和不完美解决(imperfect problem solving)等。人们仍然不清楚行为偏差对边际消费倾向的影响是否存在稳健、一致的预测。

A : In this paper, I then introduce a wedge-based approach to systematically study the impact of behavioral mistakes on MPCs independent of the exact underlying behavioral mistakes.

A : 在这篇文章中,我通过一个基于楔的方法(wedge-based approach),来系统地研究了行为错误是如何影响边际消费倾向的,这一解释不需要对具体的行为错误类型进行进一步假设。

Q:从您的角度来看,是什么使这篇论文成为一份非常成功的就业市场论文?

Q: From your perspective, what are the main reasons that make this paper a very successful job market paper?

A : My research focus is to bring the insights of behavioral economics into macroeconomics. This paper is a good illustration of my core research interest.

A : 我的研究专注于将行为经济学的洞见纳入宏观经济学中。这篇文章是对我的核心研究兴趣的一个很好的体现。

Q: 在这篇文章写作与修改过程中最大的挑战是什么?

Q: What was the greatest challenge during the writing and revision of the paper?

A : In the first version of this paper, I focus on a specific behavioral bias and study how it impacts on MPCs. But I realize that the key result does not depend on this specific bias and there is no need for me to defend it. Eventually, I re-write the paper in a more general form.

A : 在这篇文章最初的版本中,我关注某一类特定的行为偏差,并研究它对边际消费倾向的影响。但是后来我意识到文章的主要结果并不依赖这一特定的偏差,因此我也无需为此进行论述。所以最终我以更一般化的形式重新写作了这篇文章。

Q: 您对博士研究生和青年学者开展高质量的研究有什么建议

Q: Do you have any advice for PhD candidates as well as junior scholars on how to produce high-quality research?

A : One thing I learned over time is that it is important to have both a broad knowledge about economics and a sharp focus on one’s research agenda. The former helps researchers develop new ideas and position their relative contributions. The latter helps researchers develop deep understanding of the questions on hand.

A : 在这些年里,我学到的很重要的一点是,我们既要有广泛的经济学知识,又要聚焦自己的研究领域。前者能够帮助研究者发现新的研究问题,并更好地定位自己的研究贡献。而后者有助于研究者更深入地理解正在研究的问题。

Q: 您对攻读博士学位的学生有什么建议吗?

Q: Do you have any advice for PhD students on their PhD study?

A : Another thing I learned over time is that it is useful to step back and have a big picture review of one’s research commitment once in a while. Sometimes researchers can spend months being stuck in wrong projects, misleading directions of a paper, or meaningless details without noticing it.

A : 这些年里,我所学到的另一点是,每过一段时间退一步来以更宏观的视角回顾检视自己的研究目标是很有帮助的。有时候,研究者可能会长时间困于错误的项目、错误的方向或者毫无意义的细节之中而不自知。

Q: 您对求职者有什么建议吗?

Q: Do you have any advice for job market candidates in terms of job hunting?

A : I think that it is useful to apply broadly, both in terms of locations and in terms of types of jobs. There are many unexpected amazing opportunities.

A : 我认为在求职过程中,无论对目标工作地点还是工作的类型,广泛地申请是非常有帮助的。工作市场上常有很多意料之外的很棒的机会等着你。

学者简介:连宸现为加州大学伯克利分校经济系助理教授。他2020年毕业于麻省理工大学(MIT)。连宸教授的研究领域包括宏观经济学、行为经济学、金融学等。他的文章曾发表于Quarterly Journal of Economics,Review of Economic Studies,American Economic Review,Review of Financial Studies等国际顶级经济学和金融学的期刊。

参考文献:

Angeletos, George-Marios, and Chen Lian. “Confidence and the propagation of demand shocks”. June 2021, forthcoming, Review of Economic Studies

Angeletos, George-Marios, and Chen Lian. “Forward guidance without common knowledge.” American Economic Review 108.9 (2018): 2477-2512.

Lian, Chen. “Mistakes in future consumption, high MPCs now”. working paper, 2020

责任编辑 李明、杜琛怡
校对 连宸